多對多

在資料庫表格上要進行多對多對應，可以藉由一個中介表格來完成，也就是藉由多對一、一對多來完成多對多關聯。

多對多由於使用了中介表格，在查詢效率不彰，且在程式的物件模式上，多對多會使得物件與物件之間彼此依賴，並不是一個很好的設計方式，在設計上應避免使用多對多關係。

如果一定要使用多對多關係的話，在表格上先如下建立：

    create table server (

        id integer not null auto_increment,

        address varchar(255),

        primary key (id)

    )

    create table user (

        id integer not null auto_increment,

        name varchar(255),

        primary key (id)

    )

    create table user_server (

        user_id integer not null,

        server_id integer not null,

        primary key (user_id, server_id)

    )

先設計User類別如下：

User.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;

import java.util.Set;

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Set servers;
 
    public User() {}

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Set getServers() {
        return servers;
    }

    public void setServers(Set servers) {
        this.servers = servers;
    }
}

再來設計Server類別如下：

Server.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;

import java.util.Set;

public class Server {
    private Integer id;
    private String address;
    private Set users;
 
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
 
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
 
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public Set getUsers() {
        return users;
    }
 
    public void setUsers(Set users) {
        this.users = users;
    }
}

在映射文件上，使用<many-to-many>標籤來完成映射關係：

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping 
 PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" 
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 

<hibernate-mapping> 

    <class name="onlyfun.caterpillar.User" table="user"> 
        <id name="id" column="id"> 
            <generator class="native"/> 
        </id> 

        <property name="name" column="name"/> 

        <set name="servers" 
             table="user_server" 
             cascade="save-update"> 
 
            <key column="user_id"/> 
            <many-to-many class="onlyfun.caterpillar.Server"
                          column="server_id"/> 
        </set> 
    </class> 

</hibernate-mapping>

注意到cascade是設定為save-update，因為在多對多的關係中，很少因為刪除其中之一，而所關聯的實體都要一併刪除的，所以設定save- update，表示在save或update時，一併對關聯的物件進行對應的save或update。

Server.hbm.xml的定義如下：

Server.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping 
 PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" 
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 

<hibernate-mapping> 

    <class name="onlyfun.caterpillar.Server" table="server"> 

        <id name="id" column="id"> 
            <generator class="native"/> 
        </id> 

        <property name="address"/> 
 
        <set name="users" 
             table="user_server" 
             inverse="true" 
             cascade="save-update"> 
 
             <key column="server_id"/> 
             <many-to-many class="onlyfun.caterpillar.User" 
                           column="user_id"/> 
        </set> 
    </class> 

</hibernate-mapping>

一個儲存時的例子如下：

Server server1 = new Server();
server1.setAddress("PC-219");
server1.setUsers(new HashSet());

Server server2 = new Server();
server2.setAddress("PC-220");
server2.setUsers(new HashSet());

Server server3 = new Server();
server3.setAddress("PC-221");
server3.setUsers(new HashSet());

User user1 = new User();
user1.setName("caterpillar");
user1.setServers(new HashSet());

User user2 = new User();
user2.setName("momor");
user2.setServers(new HashSet());

// 多對多，互相參考
user1.getServers().add(server1);
user1.getServers().add(server2);
user1.getServers().add(server3);
server1.getUsers().add(user1);
server2.getUsers().add(user1);
server3.getUsers().add(user1);

user2.getServers().add(server1);
user2.getServers().add(server3);
server1.getUsers().add(user2);
server3.getUsers().add(user2);

Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession();
Transaction tx= session.beginTransaction();
session.save(user1);
session.save(user2);

tx.commit();
session.close();

執行後資料庫的內容如下：

mysql> select * from user;
+----+--------------+
| id    | name          |
+----+--------------+
| 1 | caterpillar |
| 2 | momor       |
+----+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user_serv
+----------+-------------+
| user_id | server_id |
+----------+-------------+
|       1 |            1 |
|       1 |      2 |
|       1 |         3 |
|       2 |         1 |
|       2 |         2 |
+----------+-------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from server;
+----+-----------+
| id | address |
+----+-----------+
| 1    | PC-219 |
| 2    | PC-221 |
| 3    | PC-220 |
+----+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

From Gossip@caterpillar

Hibernate Gossip: 多對多